Method of making bails by bollietg



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t UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

ELISHA H. COLLIER, 0F SGITUATE, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF MAKING RAILS BY ROLLING.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 7,437', dated June 18,` 1850. Y

To all wh-omit may concern Be it known that I, ELisHA HAYDoN Coi. 4

LIER, a native of Scituate, in the county of Plymouth and StateofMassachusetts, residing iniLondon, England, have invented or discovered`certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Rolling andCutting Metals into Nails, Spikes, Railway- Pins and other Fastenings,and that the following is a full, clear, and eXact description of theprinciple or character which distinguishes them from all other thingsbefore known and of the usual manner of making, modifying, and using thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, of which- Figurel, is a top plan of the machine with the flanged and grooved rollers ashereafter described adapted to rolling spikes, nails, &c., out of platesof iron. Fig. 2, is a side elevation; Fig. 3, a frontend elevation, andFig. l, a back end elevation of the same. Figs. 5 and 6, show thefurnace for retaining the heat in the plates or rods. Fig. 7 is asection through the rollers in the lines a. a, Fig. 3, and Z9 b, Fig.l1. Fig. 11, shows a pair of rollers with flanges and grooves onopposite ends, as hereafter described,.for rolling out a plate havingthe longitudinal section of the nails which are afterward to be cut intonails by t-he shears or cutters in lfFig. 14. Fig. 12 is a side view ofthe gearing wheels on the journals of the rollers. Fig. 13 is a pair ofrollers for rolling a sheet having the section of the nails transverselyto its length; the sheets to be afterward cut across into nails. p

The letters refer to the same parts in all the drawings.

(la) is the frame in which the several pairs of rollers are made torevolve, by the large spur wheel (L) on the journal of the upper roller,which is driven by the pinion (l) and the pulleys The spur gearingwheels(e) cause the rollers (m) to revolve together.

(n.) Fig. 7 shows the dividing line be tween the steel ring (i) whichforms the rolling surface and in which the depressions are sunk forgiving the requisite shape to the nails, and the body of the roller (o).

(p) shows the metal in the act of its formation into nails or the sheetsfrom which the nails are afterward to be cut.

(g) are the flanges on the rollers, and (r) the grooves in t-heoppositerollers in `which the flanges run. 1 i

(c) is a pipe and cock to keep the rollers cool by a stream of water.

(d) is a trough in which the lower roller rims which is filled withwater for the same purpose. i

(s, s,) are the bearing surfaces, of equal diameter on each roller forkeeping the rollingtsurfaces a proper distance apart.

Inmachinery as hitherto constructed with a view to making nails, &c., bypassing the rods or plates out of which they were to be formed throughrollers, by which they are pressed or cut into shape, much diliicultyhas arisen by the nails, &c., sticking fast between the flanges of therollers. lIhis diiliculty is not so much felt in ordinary slittingrollers, as the thickness and strength of the rolled bars beingcontinuous they are easily detached from the rollers; but in rollingnails, spikes, &c., they are nearly if not quite cut off or separatedfrom each other, by the pressure of the rollers, and when they stick orbecome jammed between the flanges it is extremely difficult to eXtricatethem.

In the forni given to my rollers I avoid all difficulty from this cause,by making the rollers with one Harige and yone groove on each, theflange on one roller projecting into the groove in the other, instead ofmaking both flanges on one roller and both grooves on the other. It willbe seen that by this arrangement the plates from which the nails are tobe cut after passing between the rollers and being pressed into therequired form are immediately released from the rollers, as the flangeswhich conlined themand prevented them from spreading laterally whilereceiving the pressure, (being one on the upper and the other on thelower roller,) separate from each other and leave the piate or sheet ofnails free to be removed.

These rollers may be applied to rolling nails, spikes or fastenings ofany form, and in sheets of any width which are afterward cut intoseparate nails, by shears or cutters The rollers are constructed ofwrought iron with a ring of steel welded between disks of wrought ironby which method I am able to constructthese rollers and harden themwithout the risk of cracking them in that process. (n) Fig. 7, shows theline where the steel ring is welded to the rollers.

The bearing surfaces (s, s,) serve to keep the rolling surfaces at aproper distance apart as Well as to prevent the rollers from movinglaterally apart from each other by the pressure of the rolled metalagainst the flanges, and enable me to dispense With the under bearingsof the upper roller.

For the purpose of maintaining the heat of the plates While being rolledinto nails, and preventing them from cooling dovvn to too 10W atemperature, Which would be likely to occur With the thin plates usedfor making small nails, I employ an auxiliary furnace as represented inFigs. l, 5 and 6, on which the rods or plates are laid (a number at atime as they are brought from the heating furnace, and the heat beingthus kept up to the best temperature for rolling, the process is muchbetter performed, and the nails thus made are not found to have thoselaminated cracks, Which are common in nails The auxiliary furnace incombination with` the machinery for rolling nails, &c., as abovedescribed for retaining the hea't of the platesV or rods of iron', Whilethey are separately passed into the machine.

E. H. COLLIER. Witnesses:

EDWARD Evnim'r'r, WM.' GREENOUGH.

